It is defined as a naturally occurring mixture consisting predominantly of hydrocarbon and or of sulphur, nitrogen and or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons, which is removed from the earth in liquid state or is capable of being removed. Several explanations have been put forth to explain the heightened merger activity. This tutorial addresses the basic principles of petroleum refining, as they relate to the. Understanding the business of processing crude oil into fuels and other value added products. Petroleum and natural gas deposits the worlds first oil well was drilled in pennsylvania. In early 1988, as a result of its diversifying business activity, unit reorganized its business operation resulting in its oil and natural gas exploration operations being carried out by its wholly owned subsidiary, unit petroleum company and its contract drilling service being. Highlights of gao14249, a report to congressional requesters march. Petroleum refining for the non technical person abebooks.
Topics petroleum, engineering collection opensource language english. Petroleum is converted into energy rich fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet, heating, liquid petroleum gas lpg, and other fuel oils. Reviewing industry developments since the 1980s, this report finds, among other things, that concentration in crude oil at the country or company level has remained relatively low and that mergers among private oil companies have not significantly affected crude oil concentration. Every marketing company shall maintain such minimum stocks of petroleum products as the authority may, having. Manual 58 mnl58 petroleum refining and natural gas processing. During the fifth merger wave, investors were seeking crossborder deals. The data represents acquisitions, mergers, and swaps with deal values. En commission decision of 9 february 2000 declaring a. Petroleum refining refers to the process of converting crude oil into useful products. Classified under sic 29, the petroleum refining industry is. Article related press releases 1 stock quotes 3 comments 0 free breaking news alerts from.
Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person pennwell. Several of those were accompanied by corporate governance problem and dotcom bubble. Request pdf oil refining and products this article discusses the various aspects of petroleum refining and oil products as a primary energy source and as a. However, none of these products would exist without the. This plan, hereafter called the merger plan, will be submitted. Oil refineries and bulk storage of crude oil and petroleum products. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. The seminar focuses on the core refining processes of fluid catalytic cracking, alkylation, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming, although all major processes are covered in detail. Par petroleum corporation, headquartered in houston, texas, is a growthoriented integrated refiner and marketer of petroleum products. Merger of statoil and hydros petroleum operations recommendation from the ministry of petroleum and energy of 30 march 2007, approved by the council of state on the same day. In these rules, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, a agent or dealer means a person appointed by a marketing company engaged. Mar 14, 2017 this fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and production of environmentally acceptable fuels and petrochemical intermediates. In processing crude oil 84 by volume of the hydrocarbons are converted into.
However, when prices started falling again in the second half of. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. Phillips petroleum, conoco agree to merger deal the. Petroleum refiners have a choice of several different treating processes, but the primary purpose of the majority of them is the elimination of unwanted sulfur compounds. It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. Petroleum refiners must face billiondollar investments in equipment in order to meet everchanging environmental requirements. Since the recession of 2007 to 2009, the industry has been in transition. The merger would enable totalfinaelf to control each of the stages.
It delivers indepth coverage of todays petroleum refining technologies, methods, and best practices. Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person pennwell nontechnical series. As previously disclosed, on november 16, 2016, western refining, tesoro, tahoe merger sub 1, inc. Refining of petroleum petroleum is a dark oily liquid. Chapter 5 the petroleum refining industry industry overview the petroleum refining industry uses the largest quantity of premium fuels in the industrial sector, amounting to 2,7 quads in 1981. Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. Crude oil consists of hydrocarbons, along with other minerals and trace elements. Par petroleum completes acquisition of mid pac petroleum. Combine blendstocks to produce finished products that. Sulfur is the most abundant element after carbon and hydrogen, then comes. The following sections of this report provide an overview of the petroleum refining industry and a summary of the analyses conducted by the epa as part of the detailed study. Effects of mergers and market concentration in the us petroleum.
Aberdeen petroleum 1975 devon energy aberdeen petroleum corp. Leffler and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Potential implications for petroleum product markets. Petroleum institute separators, dissolved air flotation daf units and further treatment units such as an activated sludge biotreater to make water suitable for reusing or for disposal. This oneofakind, comprehensive handbook provides the latest industry and research advances in petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and refinery management.
New to this edition is important information on the nature of crude oil and raw materials and a comprehensive. Energy analysis department environmental energy technologies department 1 cyclotron road berkeley, ca 94720. William lefflers petroleum refining in nontechnical language, fourth edition is designed to give the reader an overview of key refining topics by using relevant analogies, easytounderstand graphs, formulas, and illustrations. Tesoro petroleum tso and western refining wnr shareholders approve merger. Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. According to north, the financial climate in the u. Mergers and acquisitions in the petroleum industry onepetro. Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person by william l. Western refining announces results of tesoro acquisition. Mergers and acquisitions in oil and gas it has been an interesting year for buy and sell side deals in the oil and gas sector in 20. Profile of the petroleum refining industry in california. Mar 27, 2017 downstream operators tesoro corporation tso and western refining, inc. Types of unrefined petroleum include asphalt, bitumen, crude oil, and natural gas.
Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. Energy information administration potential impacts of reductions in refinery activity on northeast petroleum product markets 2 1. This seminar program, outlined below, was designed to serve as an introduction to petroleum refining processing. Black oil, which collects and purchases used motor oil directly from thirdparty generators, aggregates used motor oil, and sells used motor oil to its customers for use as a feedstock or replacement fuel for industrial burners. An attempt is made in all issues to balance the subject matter and to appeal to a broad readership. William lefflers petroleum refining in nontechnical language, 4th edition is a comprehensive overview of key refining topics by using relevant analogies, easytounderstand graphs, formulas, and illustrations.
Tesoro, western refining stockholders approve merger deal. Problems in petroleum refining and petrochemical production at the 9th world petroleum congress. Petroleum refining information on petroleum and crude oil. Over 40 scientists, experts and professionals from both academia and industry have contributed to the 33 chapters in this handbook. In this lecture, we present read reason write 9th edition pdf a brief overview of the. Petroleum is a complex mixture of organic liquids called crude oil and natural gas, which occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. May 31, 2017 as previously disclosed, on november 16, 2016, western refining, tesoro, tahoe merger sub 1, inc. The petroleum refining industry in the united states is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector. Petroleum mergers and competition in the northeast united. The petroleum refining industry converts crude oil into more than 2500. Section 2 provides an overview of current regulations affecting the petroleum refining. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. This is a list of products produced from petroleum. Introduction this report is an update to a previous u.
Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oiland petrol, both important primary energy sources. Mar 24, 2017 tesoro petroleum tso and western refining wnr shareholders approve merger article related press releases 1 stock quotes 3 comments 0 free breaking news alerts from. This report updates two earlier ftc studies on mergers and structural change in the u. Refining of petroleum petroleum is a complex mixture of organic liquids called crude oil and natural gas, which occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. Reviewing industry developments since the 1980s, this report finds, among other things, that concentration in crude oil at the country or company level has remained relatively low and that mergers among private oil companies have not significantly affected. Tesoro petroleum tso to acquire western refining wnr. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. The first half of 20 has been subdued in comparison to previous years in respect of global transaction activity. It is ideal for professionals who are on the outside looking in, i.
Petroleum refining in nontechnical language william l. Potential impacts of reductions in refinery activity on. Petroleum refining volume 1 refining has the function of transforming crude oil from various origins into a set of refined products in accordance with precise specifications and in quantities corresponding as closely as possible to the market requirements. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Crude oil varies from oilfield to oilfield in colour and composition, from a pale yellow low viscosity liquid to heavy black treacle consistencies. Fundamentals of petroleum refining provides a thorough and balanced introduction to refinery engineering topics, from basic concepts and unit operations to overall refinery economics, planning and. Challenges for the refining industry include lowerquality crude oil, crude oil price volatility, and environmental regulations that require cleaner manufacturing processes and higherperformance products. This work was supported by the california energy commission through the u. In processing crude oil 84% by volume of the hydrocarbons are converted into such products. Detailed study of the petroleum refining category 2019.
Nov 19, 2001 in the latest move toward consolidation in the global energy business, phillips petroleum co. This fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable. Authority to specify minimum stocks of petroleum products. Unit added exploration and production to its operations and made its shares available to the public. Biodesulfurization in petroleum refining request pdf. A variety of intermediate and finished products, including middle distillates, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and sour gases are dried and sweetened. In general, mergers raise concerns about potential anticompetitive effects on the u. The boards of the companies also considered and signed on 12 and march 2007 a plan for demerging hydro as part of the merger. Oil refining and products request pdf researchgate. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Petroleum refining the united states is the largest, most sophisticated producer of refined petroleum products in the world. The primary endproducts produced in petroleum refining may be grouped. Unlike previous petroleum merger retrospectives, which were restricted to gasoline, we test also for competitive effects in diesel fuel.
Energy information administration eia report, reductions in northeast refining activity. Fundamentals of petroleum refining provides a thorough and balanced introduction to refinery engineering topics, from basic concepts and unit operations to. During the past few years there has been a significant increase in mergers and acquisitions in the petroleum industry table 1. Tesoro petroleum tso to acquire western refining wnr in. The journal of petroleum science and engineering covers the fields of petroleum and natural gas exploration, production and flow in its broadest possible sense. A genealogy of the oil industry uga geology department. This authoritative resource will prove essential for anyone who needs current, expertly written coverage of the latest developments in the petroleum refining process industry. Radchenko chemistry and technology of fuels and oils volume 11, pages 747 753 1975cite this article. Because the design and construction of new processing units entail several years lead time, refiners are reluctant to commit these dollars for equipment that may no longer meet certain conditions when the units come on stream. Shareholders of tesoro tso 1% and western refining wnr 0. Divestiture of south penn, american transit, southwest.
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